Antidiabetic Efficacy and Hemolytic Activity of the Polyphenolic Extract Derived from Allium sativum L.: An In vitro and In silico Evaluation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69998/j2br.v1i2.22Keywords:
Allium sativum, Polyphenolic extract, UHPLC-MS/MS analysis, Mongophenoside B, Catechin, Cyanidin 3-O-beta-D sambubioside, Antidiabetic activity, Hemolytic activityAbstract
This study aimed to identify the main polyphenolic compounds of Allium sativum L. (A. sativum) extract and evaluate its antidiabetic and antihemolytic properties. A. sativum polyphenolic extract (ASPE) was subjected to UHPLC-MS/MS analysis to determine its polyphenolic composition. The antidiabetic activity was assessed through enzyme inhibition assays targeting α-amylase and α-glucosidase, comparing the extract’s efficacy to the standard drug acarbose. Hemolytic activity was evaluated using rat erythrocytes exposed to varying concentrations of the extract (5–100 mg/mL) to determine its cytotoxicity on blood cells. Statistical analyses were carried out to assess the significance of the observed effects. An in silico study was conducted using Mastro 11.5 from the Schrödinger suite to evaluate antidiabetic activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase. UHPLC-MS/MS analysis revealed mongophenoside B as the most abundant compound, alongside catechin and cyanidin 3-O-beta-D sambubioside. The extract demonstrated a strong inhibitory effect on α-amylase (82.31% inhibition at 1 mg/mL; IC50 = 0.047 ± 0.002 mg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 0.055 ± 0.004 mg/mL), surpassing acarbose in potency. Hemolytic assays indicated a dose-dependent increase in hemolysis, with significant cytotoxicity observed at higher concentrations (up to 21.24 ± 1.54% at 100 mg/mL), suggesting safe application only at lower doses. The ASPE exhibits potent antidiabetic properties, attributable to the identified compounds catechin, cyanidin 3-O-beta-D sambubioside, and mongophenoside B, the latter reported here for the first time in garlic. These findings suggest that the synergistic action of these compounds contributes to effective enzyme inhibition. However, the extract’s hemolytic activity at higher doses indicates a need for caution in therapeutic applications. The in silico study showed strong inhibitory activity of mongophenoside B, catechin, and cyanidin 3-O-beta-D sambubioside against α-amylase and α-glucosidase, confirming the in vitro results. Further studies are warranted to explore the antidiabetic potential of mongophenoside B and to assess the extract’s safety profile for clinical use.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Mourad A. M. Aboul-Soud, Amira Metouekel, Amal Elrherabi, Adamou Boubacar, El Hassania Loukili, Mohamed Bnouham, Laila Benbacer (Author)
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